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Henry Burden (April 22, 1791 – January 19, 1871) was an engineer and businessman who built an industrial complex in Troy, New York called the Burden Iron Works. Burden's horseshoe machine, invented in 1835, was capable of making 60 horseshoes a minute. His rotary concentric squeezer, a machine for working wrought iron, was adopted by iron industries world wide. His hook-headed spike machine helped fuel the rapid expansion of railroads in the U.S. The Burden Iron Works is now an historical site and museum. ==Early life== Henry Burden() was born in Dunblane, Perthshire, Scotland, UK, the son of Peter Burden (1752–1829) and Elizabeth Abercrombie (1756–1837). His father was a sheep farmer. He studied engineering at the University of Edinburgh, and returned to the farm making implements and a water wheel to power them.〔(Rethford, Wayne. "Manufacturer. Inventor. Builder. Innovator and Philanthropist", Illinois Saint Andrew Society )〕 He emigrated in 1819 with a letter of introduction to Stephen van Rensselaer, courtesy of the American Minister in London.〔(Rolando, Victor R. "The Industrial Archeology of Henry Burden & Sons Ironworks in Southwestern Vermont", ''The Journal of Vermont Archaeology'', Volume 8, 2007 )〕 Burden started at the Townsend & Corning Foundry, manufacturers of cast iron plows and other agricultural implements, located in Albany’s south end - near today’s Port of Albany. The next year, he invented an improved plow, which took first premium at three county fairs, and a cultivator, which was said to have been the first to be put into practical operation in the country. He also made mechanical improvements on threshing machines and grist mills.〔 He moved to Troy in 1822, and worked as superintendent of the Troy Iron and Nail Factory. The factory was located on north side of the Wynantskill Creek in South Troy, about a half-mile northeast of today’s Troy-Menands bridge.〔 Burden's inventions, which automated work that was previously done by hand, made the factory extremely profitable. Burden soon became the sole owner of the factory and renamed it H. Burden and Sons. The Burden Iron Works, as it came to be known, produced a variety of iron-based products.〔(Schreck, Tom. "Making History: Industry in Troy", ''Albany Business Review'', May 7, 2001 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Burden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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